What is Autism?

What Is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

• ASD is a complex neurologically based developmental disability.
• It includes Autism, Asperger's Syndrome and PDD-NOS (Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified).
• Autism is found throughout the world.
• It is 3-4 times more common in boys.
• It occurs with a frequency of about 1 in 100 births.
• Approximately 9,000 Nova Scotians have ASD.
• Each year approximately 90 children are born in Nova Scotia who will be diagnosed with ASD.
   

Autism affects all aspects of living and functioning. The symptoms usually appear within the first 24 months of life. The main areas of impairment are in communication, social interactions, special interests, and sensory issues. The degree of challenge varies widely, from those individuals who are able to live productive independent lives, to those who require a great deal of assistance to carry out activities of daily living.

The cause of autism is unknown. It is thought to be related to multiple causes including structural abnormalities or biochemical imbalances in the brain (such as food intolerances, allergies and sensitivities) and genetic factors. What is known is that it is not caused by poor parenting practices.

The level of intelligence of individuals with autism varies across functional areas. It is possible for an individual to be extremely intelligent and still have autism: some excel in one particular skill.

Autism cannot be cured, but early identification and intervention will maximize the individual's potential. People with autism are not all the same. The three areas of functioning affected are the same, but all symptoms are not seen in all people. The intensity of the symptoms varies from one person to another, as well as within the same person at different times.

Although some areas of development in a child are delayed, children with ASD often exhibit skills beyond their years in other areas.

Valley families with children with ASD can obtain assistance from:

• The Bright Beginnings Early Intervention Program. Contact 584-2000
• Valley Child Development Association. Contact 678-6111
• NS Dept. of Health EIBI Treatment Program.
  Contact Middleton 825-4825 or Kentville 679-2873
• Annapolis Valley Regional School Board's (AVRSB) Autism Consultant, Kym Hume 538-4693 or 670-9189.
   

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